Antarctica's Seas and Oceans

                                                              Antarctica's Seas and Oceans
                                                       In my previous blog, I only talked
                                about two major landforms of Antarctica. Since Antarctica's 
              landforms is such a vast and informative topic, the following (including this blog)

blogs will only cover Antarctica's landforms. In this blog, I will include information on seas and oceans. In my following blogs, I will talk about Antarctica's mountains, ice caves, icebergs, Antarctica known as a polar desert, and then just a blog with facts all about Antarctica's landforms for those of you that do not really like to read paragraph after paragraph. 

               Some of the seas around Antarctica that impact it are; Ross Sea and Weddell Sea. Some oceans around this continent are the South Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the South Atlantic Ocean. Look at the diagram below.

You can see how the oceans and seas are located around the continent and how they impact the continent. I actually think they are what makes Antarctica cold as well as other factors because water carries over radiation from the sun, as cold water evaporates, it falls as precipitation, also giving the land "temperature", and oceans also transmit their actual average temperature to the land around them because of the cold moisture they convey. For more information on this specific topic, go to the link below, which was my source of information.

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/climate.html

To be more narrowed down and specific, let's talk about the Ross Sea, which majorly affects Antarctica.

The Ross Sea was discovered by James Ross in 1841. In the picture above, you can see how the Ross Sea affects Antarctica and how it might be involved on other impacts on Antarctica. I could not find much information on my mentioned topic in any other source, so I am going to need to inference. Based on what I got as an answer, I think the Ross Sea is very beneficial to Antarctica. It provides so many species of krill, algae, fish, seals, more penguins, and so on. These animals are a great sight for tourists, and since Antarctica is known as such a remote continent, it will help bring a little more life to it. The Ross Sea can also be harmful, but mostly to the world as a whole. It is mostly covered with ice, and if that ice were to melt, based on my calculation, sea levels globally would increase by 30 meters, which will destroy homes, crops, sealife wildlife, affect global warming, and can carry plague and other natural disasters to the Earth. 

         Another sea in Antarctica is the Weddell Sea. Yes, it has a load of Weddell penguins.  

               

              The Weddell Sea was named after King George IV. Just as an interesting fact, the Weddell Sea is known as the most treacherous, most harmful, most gruesome, and it is also known as the most difficult to sail sea. The Weddell Sea is full of icebergs, and therefore is much colder than the calm, peaceful, and predictable Ross Sea. Since the Weddell Sea is cold and connected to part of Antarctica, that part of the continent is much colder. The Weddell Sea does have sea animals living inside of it, but those sea animals are used to the unpredictable and unpromising cold. It is very rare for tourists to actually go to Antarctica just to go and see the Weddell Sea. This sea is practically a death trap for humans and anyone who is not used to the harsh cold and is not one of the best sailors in the world. 

            The South Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and South Atlantic Ocean all affect Antarctica, too. Look at the diagram below.

The South Pacific Ocean  is connected to the Northernmost part of Antarctica. It really mostly conveys coldness to the continent. That just about sums up its main purpose to Antarctica. The Indian Ocean, however, in my hypothesis, its main purpose is probably conveying warmth to Antarctica because it is mostly connected to Africa and Asia, two of the warmest continents on Earth. I am not quite sure of this, but it is my theory. The South Atlantic Ocean is freezing, and I am thinking it really makes Antarctica very cold. To sum it up, all the bodies around Antarctica mostly have a "cold" affect to Antarctica. 

Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_Areas_(command)#Commanders.2C_South_Pacific_Area

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/climate.html

http://www.asoc.org/advocacy/climate-change-and-the-antarctic

https://engrade.com/class/gradebook/student.php?clid=5000013696362&stuid=1084407

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weddell_Sea

Antarctica's Landforms

                                                                     Antarctica's Landforms
                                                 Antarctica has many interesting landforms.
                                Some of these landforms are volcanoes, glaciers, seas, oceans, 

               mountains, ice caves, ice burgs, and Antarctica itself is a polar desert because it only receives 3 inches of rain or less in a whole year. I will focus on only two of these landforms. However, just for a moment, I will focus on volcanoes in the polar desert. (Antarctica)

1). Mount Berlin-Highest elevation is 3,478 meters-Latest eruption was in 8350 B.C.E.

2). Deception Island- Highest elevation is 576 meters-Latest eruption was in 1970.

3). Mount Erebus-Highest elevation is 3,794 meters-Latest eruption was in 2015.

4). Penguin Island-Highest elevation is 180 meters-Latest eruption was in 1905.

5). Mount Takahe-Highest elevation is 3,460-Latest eruption was in 5550.

If you watch the video above, you will learn about a newly discovered volcano in Antarctica.

Mount Berlin

Deception Island

Mount Erebus 

Penguin Island

Mount Takahe

There are many glaciers in Antarctica, too. A few of them are outlet glaciers, valley glaciers, cirque glaciers, tidewater glaciers, and ice streams. If you look at the pictures below and their descriptions, you will learn something new about each of these types of glaciers. 

Above is a picture of an outlet glacier. One thing that make outlet glaciers stand out from others is that they are channels of ice that come out of an ice sheet, however they are "constrained" on their sides with visual bedrock.

 

Valley glaciers (above) are just narrow paths of ice that are between valley walls. As seen above, the part of the picture that looks like a road made out of "snow" is the valley glacier. 

Cirque glaciers are glaciers that form on the side of mountains. They are usually in a bowl shape, almost like the one above. They usually are just land from a part of the mountain that slowly gets covered with snow.

Tidewater glaciers are simply just valley glaciers, however, they lead to the ocean.

Ice Streams are a type of glacier that are just rooms of fast flow inside of an ice sheet.
Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Antarctica
http://www.antarcticglaciers.org/modern-glaciers/ice-streams/
http://antarcticagsms.weebly.com/antarctica-landforms-and-features.html
http://thekidshouldseethis.com/post/antarcticas-ice-formations-volcanic-ice-caves-undersea-brinicles

How Antarctica Harms Humans

                                                          How Antarctica Harms Humans

              I understand in my previous blog I was talking about howAntarctica benefits humans, however, in this blog I will talk about how Antarctica harms humans. It's bitter cold can kill a human in minutes, it has oil, a fossil fuel that humans will use up and not have any left afterwards, it has sharks, whales, and other carnivores that are close to extinction and will disrupt the food chain as well as our daily lives.

             Antarctica is very cold and is known as a desert, so therefore it is dry and vast and bitter cold, forcing calamities to take place. Antarctica is cold, so if you do not have the correct equipment, you will not survive. There are carnivores there that tourists have to be alert of and be careful of if they want to to go home back without a scratch.

            Antarctica also has an important fossil fuel. That is oil. Oil can make us crazy for it and we can kill each other for it, war over it and use it too quickly that we will run out of it before we can create more. Fossil fuels are crucial, however, they cost a lot of money, make a lot of money, and that money can get out of the right hands.

Although I do not have a lot of information for you, you can go to links below and see if they interest you.

coolantarctica.com/Antarctica

theguardian.com/environment/polarregionsdiscoverringantarctica.org.uk/ alevel
 The last two links are separate.

How Antarctica Benifits Humans

                                                      How Antarctica Benifits Humans

       Antarctica is a very vast continent that has many features and subjects to study about. 
Scientists take advantage of this fact and try their hardest to benefit humans. For example, Antarctica has multiple herbs and different types of plants that can end flu, fevers, cancers, and just aid us in every day life. In some of my previous blogs you will se me mention many topics such as these. For example, scientists go to Antarctica to study animals, plants, it's overall structure and much more because they have multiple hypothesis that can be proven to be accurate and help the Earth as a whole. I have studied many of these theories and researched in many sources and even though not all are correct, a great majority is to prove that they are on the right track. Just because those plants can just not be found on one resource, they are definitely there. 

         There are many features of Antarctica itself that help us in our everyday life that we may not realize at first sight. Antarctica's cold fronts are so strong and lasting, they come all the way to North America. In the winter time when weather is harsh, cold fronts take over the warmness and travel from place to place until they change to become warm fronts. In Antarctica, the cold fronts can travel so much, they get warmer, and come to America to bring us a little bit of warmth. Also Antarctica has the most oil in the world that you can extract and use. Let us admit it, we do use way to many fossil fuels, and later we are going to go and have to take some or all of the oil in the Ice Continent. If you visit the links below, those were my sources, you will be shocked to see that my information is accurate. 

bbc.co.uk/msgszine-27910375

hotair.com/.../beneath-antarctica-a-wonderland-of-oil-awaits-exploitation

One last way of how Antarctica Benifits humans is by its very interesting features, and, sadly because of its animals. To get it over with, we kill those animals for their meat. On the bright side, we go to Antarctica as tourists to see its beautiful features. It has so many animals, such a variety of plants, flowers, and it's physical features, that it is absolutely irresistible. We also claim parts of the continent, which adds to our country's owned land.

What Humans do in Antarctica

                                                           What Humans do in Antarctica
                                                        Scientists and other staff visit
                                     Antarctica and do research and to find out more about 

                       this continent and how it affects we humans and the Earth as a whole.                There are many jobs on this continent and  scientists use those jobs to get information on this broad topic. Scientists are currently researching animal life on this continent, climate, and based on research, cures for cancer because there are so many plants and other  flowers that have many cures on this disease. 

     To focus on only one research product, it is Antarctica's animals. Penguins, seals, whales, other plants, fish, and much more. Some of these animals are; 
 The Adelie Penguin 
 The Emperor Penguin 
  Humpack Whale
  The Blue Whale
   Lion Seal
    Weddell Seal
   There are many more research topics but these are the major ones. If you go to the link below there is much more information.
 coolantarctica.com 
Some other topics that scientists research in the continent are plants. Some plants in Antartcica are the following
There really are only two plants 
Antarctic Pearlwort 
Antarctic Hair Grass
These are the only two flower plants in Antarctica. They also only occur a few weeks in the summer, so they are very rare to find. Scientists usually go in this time of the year to go and study these plants. 
 If you go to the website below, you can get more information on these plants.
www.bas.uk/about/antarctica/wildlife/plants
Since there was not a lot of information on scientific research in Antarctica, the blog ends here. However, you can go to the following websites. 
Wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica
Lonelyplanet.com/Antarctica











    
                                                                                                        

How Antarctica Affects the Earth's Climate

                                                   How Antarctica Affects the Earth's Climate

                                                Antarctica has a major affect on the Earth's 

                               climate. Since most of Antarctica is covered with a thick sheet of

              ice, the winds around that area push the weather opposing the side of the Earth's rotation, causing that climate to slowly move from one place to the other. As the weather move, it gets warmer, but only a little, the climate can travel all the way to the North Pole!!! Look at the pictures below.

So you can see how Antarctica's cold fronts and warm fronts travel around the world. Another factor of how Antarctica affects the weather of the world is; ocean currents. Antarctica has ocans that lead to other lands and make them colder than they already are. This is because the ocean is obviously made out of water, and water transmit heat and coolness to the area around it. You can go to the website below for more information.

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/how-does-antarctica-affect-the-climate-of-the-world.html

                  Let's focus on cold fronts for a moment. Cold fronts are technically air patterns that transmit climate from one area to another. If a cold front came from Antarctica and went up to the equator, it can make the weather of that area cooler. You can look at the diagram below.

 If you look at the diagram to the left, you can see how cold climate can travel to warmer climates to make replace the warm fronts with cold fronts. Cold fronts are always more powerful than warm fronts, so they overpower them. You can watch the video below to understand my point better. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huKYKykjcm0

Antarctica's Geography

                                                                Antarctica's Geography
                                                         Antarctica has endless features
                                     that scientists want to study about. Even though most 
                 scientists want to study the climate, weather, wildlife, and plants of Antarctica, if I were a scientist, I would love to study Antarctica's geography. I can admit that Antarctica is not the best tourist destination, but that does not mean that it does not have many beautiful places to visit, or anything interesting. If you look at the pictures below, I am sure you would want to go to Antarctica to visit these sights one day.  







Above are some of the sites you may want to go look at in Antarctica one day. The first picture I shared with you was formed by Tropical Palm Trees about 53 million years ago. Based on scientists, this feature is still standing. The second picture I showed you was just about one of the very famous tourist spots in Antarctica. The last picture I showed you was of an ice burg in Antarctica with a opening at the end that penguins usually like to stay in for a while. If you look at the map below, you can see how Antarctica is shaped and how you would see it from outer space. 


So, you can see how Antarctica really looks from space, also, did you know the Earth is sort of weighed down because of Antarctica's "ice" is very heavy? Otherwise, if that was not true, the Earth would be shaped completely like a sphere, more circular than oval. If you got really close to Antarctica when you were in outer space, you would see how much of the ice just juts out, as if it were very heavy. 

Here is some information on some of Antarctica's geographical features.

The Weddell Sea:
          The Southern Sea contains part of the Weddell Sea. The Weddell Sea has the clearest water of any sea that exists today. However, the Weddell Sea is the most dangerous to travel on in the whole world. Here are some simple facts about the Weddell Sea.
1). The Weddell Sea was discovered by a British Sealer in 1823 named James Weddell. 
2). The Weddell Sea has lots of whales and seals. 
3). Yes, the Weddell Sea has plenty of Weddell Seals.
4). Much of the sea is covered with  thin or thick sheet of ice. 
5). There is a huge population of Adelie Penguins because of their adaption to the harsh climate. 
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weddell_Sea#Climate

Rose Island:
           Accept it or not, there are many islands in Antarctica, but of course they do not have Palm Trees and such!!! One of these islands is Rose Island. Rose Island does not give habitat to any humans. Basically, only Rabbits live there (rabbits in Antarctica, what a calamity!) and they mainly eat Rata, the vegetation there. Here are some facts about this Island.
1).  It has  an area of 121 hectares. 
2).  It is the fifth largest Island in the Auckland Islands. 
3).  As sad as it sounds, all of the rabbits that used to live there have been eradicated, and so therefore, if you go to that Island one day, you will not meet any rabbits.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Island,_New_Zealand

Overall Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Antarctica